article · Computer Science & IT Research Journal
Quantum computing poses significant threats to classical encryption methods, prompting the exploration of quantum cryptographic solutions to safeguard digital security. Quantum Key Distribution and post-quantum cryptography provide viable pathways toward resilient encryption capable of protecting sensitive systems. Nevertheless, deploying these methods at scale is hindered by practical barriers, notably current technological limitations and the absence of global standardisation. Addressing these obstacles requires strategic policy support to prioritise the integration of quantum-resistant systems into established security frameworks, alongside international collaboration to create common standards. Ongoing research must also tackle protocol efficiency and the ethical implications of emerging quantum technologies. By overcoming these engineering and coordination hurdles, quantum cryptography offers transformative potential to reinforce national digital infrastructure against future computational threats.
As quantum computing advances, traditional encryption methods risk becoming obsolete, exposing critical national and digital infrastructure to breaches. Understanding the current status of quantum key distribution and post-quantum cryptography helps policymakers and technologists identify the technological and standardisation hurdles that must be resolved to protect sensitive information from future computational vulnerabilities.
The review identifies applications in digital infrastructure protection and national security, focusing on Quantum Key Distribution and post-quantum cryptography for governmental and enterprise users. These technologies remain in development and transition phases rather than ready-to-deploy market solutions, as real-world use is constrained by technical limitations, integration challenges with legacy systems, and the absence of global standards.
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This study provides a comprehensive review of quantum cryptography and its implications for U.S. national security in the face of emerging quantum technologies. The primary objective is to investigate the potential of quantum cryptographic methods in creating unbreakable encryption and their future role in enhancing digital security. Employing a systematic literature review and content analysis, the study draws on recent peer-reviewed articles, institutional reports, and academic journals from 2013 to 2023. The methodology focuses on evaluating the evolution, current state, and challenges of quantum cryptography, along with its integration into existing security frameworks. Key findings reveal that Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and post-quantum cryptography (PQC) offer promising solutions against the threats posed by quantum computing to classical encryption methods. However, the practical implementation of these technologies faces significant challenges, including technological limitations and the need for global standardization. The study underscores the urgency for U.S. national security policy to prioritize the development and integration of quantum-resistant cryptographic technologies and to foster international collaboration for standardization. Finally, the study highlights the transformative potential of quantum cryptography in digital security, emphasizing the need for continued research and collaboration to overcome implementation challenges. Future research directions include the development of efficient quantum cryptographic protocols and ethical considerations surrounding the deployment of quantum technologies. This study contributes to the discourse on securing national interests in the face of advancing quantum computing capabilities. Keywords: Quantum Cryptography, Digital Security, Post-Quantum Cryptography, Quantum Key Distribution.
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DOI: 10.51594/csitrj.v5i2.790
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