Quantification of α‐Acids, β‐Acids, and Phenolic Compounds in Corsican Hops Using LC–MS/MS and Metabolomic Approach Through Molecular Networks

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Determining the bittering profile of hops is a prerequisite for their use in beer making industry. To fully grasp the brewing potential of Corsican hops, it is therefore essential to perform a precise quantification of the molecules responsible for their bittering power. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is highlighting of the bittering profile of Corsican hops. METHODOLOGY: A method for the characterization and quantification of α-acids, β-acids, and phenolic compounds in Corsican hops using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been developed. In addition to the six α- and β-acids commonly quantified in hops, seven others hop acids were identified using a new methodology based on the analysis of their fragmentation pattern in full-scan detection mode. The compounds were then quantified as humulone or lupulone equivalents. Subsequently, a metabolomic analysis of hop cones was conducted using the method of molecular networking. RESULTS: A total of 28 compounds were quantified. The influence of both annual climate variations and transplantation on the chemical composition of hops extractives was highlighted. The molecular network elucidation led to the identification of 34 compounds. Among them, eight were previously undescribed in hops, including one previously unknown to the literature. CONCLUSION: The methodologies developed in this study have shed light on the "bittering" potential of Corsican hops which represents a significant economic opportunity for the local brewing industry potentially establishing a new, sustainable, and profitable hops market. This work focuses extensively on the phenolic compounds and the bittering acids of Corsican hops, aiming to highlight their unique organoleptic characteristics and the influence of the Corsican terroir on their chemical composition and abundance.