Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Profiling of Azadirachta indica Leaves and Their Potential Therapeutic Implications

Abstract

Background: Neem (Azadirachta indica) is widely recognized in traditional medicine for its diverse therapeutic properties. This study investigated the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical composition of neem leaves to provide a scientific basis for its pharmacological potential. Methods: Fresh leaves were collected from Sagamu, Nigeria, identified at the Department of Pharmacology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, and subjected to standard extraction and phytochemical screening techniques. Results: Qualitative analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, steroids, polyphenols, and tannins. Quantitative assessment showed flavonoids (13.8 ± 0.17%) and terpenoids (13.13 ± 0.50%) as the predominant constituents, followed by alkaloids (10.67 ± 0.46%) and saponins (2.43 ± 0.32%). The high concentration of flavonoids and terpenoids supports neem’s potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, while alkaloids, saponins, and tannins may contribute to its antimicrobial, anticancer, and immune-modulatory properties. Conclusion: A. indica leaves are a valuable source of bioactive compounds with significant therapeutic promise, justifying their continued use in traditional medicine and their exploration in modern drug development