Proximate and mineral composition, biological properties, and acute toxicity of <i>Arisarum vulgare</i> O. Targ. Tozz., a traditional wild famine food plant in Morocco

Abstract

Background During famine periods in Morocco,<i> Arisarum vulgare</i> O. Targ. Tozz was traditionally consumed in rural areas and contributed to population survival. Despite its historical importance, limited research exists on its nutritional composition, bioactive properties and safety. Objective The current study aimed to evaluate the proximate and mineral compositions, phytochemical profile and acute toxicity of <i>A. vulgare</i> tubers. Material and Methods Nutritional composition was determined using standard food analysis methods, whereas polyphenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity were assessed using colorimetric assays. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods, and safety was assessed by performing acute toxicity. Results The finding revealed that this plant is rich in carbohydrates but low in protein and fat, while mineral and phenolic contents were at moderate levels. Biological evaluation of the extracts showed remarkable antioxidant activity and wide antibacterial and antifungal effects. The aqueous extract obtained by traditional decoction showed no acute toxicity with LD50 higher than 5000 mg/kg, which suggests that the traditional preparation method plays an important role in reducing the toxicity of <i>A. vulgare</i>. Conclusions The results highlight the nutritional value of <i>A. vulgare</i> tubers and their content in bioactive compounds showing antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.