Proximal connection anomalies of the coronary arteries to the aorta: retrospective experience in a Moroccan university hospital and literature review

Abstract

Proximal connection anomalies of the coronary arteries to the aorta represent a rare pathology, with an angiographic prevalence close to 1%. The prognosis of this condition is contingent upon its anatomical form. Some instances are linked to sudden deaths, while others may be associated with myocardial ischemia. Utilizing computed tomography (CT) coronary angiography as the optimal imaging tool, one can identify the origin and course of the ectopic artery. Current guidelines suggest surgical correction as the primary intervention for symptomatic abnormalities when a risky form is identified. To enhance the management of these anomalies, the establishment of comprehensive multicenter observational registers is imperative. Our study, a retrospective analysis spanning two years, focuses on 10 cases of proximal connection anomalies of coronary arteries to the aorta diagnosed in the Cardiology department of the Mohammed V Military Hospital of Rabat. By presenting this series and conducting a literature review, we elucidate the anatomical, epidemiological, physiopathological, clinical, angiographic, and CT angiography features of these anomalies, along with insights into therapeutic management.