Protected Farming in the Era of Climate-Smart Agriculture: A Photographic Overview

Abstract

In the last centuries, the agriculture depended on the fertile soils and beside the river, which helped the ancient humans to establish many civilizations like the Egyptian civilization. This agriculture was mainly depended on the open field cultivation to produce the necessary food for the human, but an urgent need was formed under the global overpopulation to produce more food using different farming systems such as soilless farming, protected cultivation, and hydroponics, etc. The protected farming allows producing crops (food) under controlled conditions to modify any natural environment prevent/ restrict the plant growth and its productivity. This work focuses on the protected farming and its association with climate changes or climate-smart-agriculture. The protected farming has several problems in the developing countries especially under using the low-tech protected farming technique. Climate-smart-agriculture is an agriculture, by which its productivity can be sustainably increased, its resilience to climate change can be enhanced, and greenhouse gases can be mitigated, as well as enhances achievement of national food security and development goals. The closed relationship between protected farming and climate-smart agriculture is needed to be investigated in more research. Therefore, this work reported on the protected farming and its potential against changing climate. This is also a call by Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security (EBSS) for receiving articles on protected agriculture under climate-smart agriculture approach, their challenges, their obstacles and the novel solutions in this concern.