Prostate Cancer and the Prospect of Nanoengineered Phytoantioxidant Therapy

Abstract

ABSTRACT Prostate cancer (PCa) is bedeviled by recalcitrant tumor growth and metastasis, which results in difficult clinical management, making the disease a significant life‐threatening disease and causing a high mortality rate in men. In vitro research, progressing to in vivo or clinical trials to provide solutions, is encumbered by biological complexity, safety and efficacy concerns that may affect regulatory and translational requirements. However, this review integrates mechanistic knowledge of oxidative stress and PCa development with preclinical evidence supporting the use of phytoantioxidants, while incorporating nanotechnology to address certain treatment challenges. It also assesses current issues and approaches to nanoparticle (NP)‐based delivery, enabling greater optimization and translation. Preclinical nanoengineered phytoantioxidants in PCa, with mechanistic insights in this review, yielded positive outcomes. These are pivotal to the potential for translation to human medicine by advancing clinical trials and offering a holistic solution to overcome limitations in the treatment of PCa.