Proportion of Hip Fracture and the Associated Risk Factors among Egyptian Females

Abstract

Abstract Background Fragility fractures caused by osteoporosis are well-known to increase the risk of further fragility fractures; a history of the wrist, vertebral body, or hip fractures increases the risk of further fractures accordingly. Fragility fractures induce lower activities of daily living, and repeated fractures further reduce mobility. Aim of the Work The objective of this study was to identify the proportion of hip fracture among Egyptian females and its associated risk factors, and also to identify the proportion of hidden vertebral fractures among those with fragility hip fractures. Patients and Methods To assess the proportion of fragility hip fractures among males aging 40 years and older we collected the cases of fragility hip fractures presented to orthopedic emergency room during the period from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020, excluding those with high impact fractures or pathological fractures. Results Assessment of the anthropometric measures revealed groups differed significantly in the BMI. Assessment of the geriatric depression scale (GDS), mini mental state examination (MMSE), and mini nutritional assessment (MNA) in the two groups demonstrated that the patient's group had significantly higher score in GDS suggestive of depression, and significantly lower score in MMSE and MNA suggestive of associated dementia and malnuitrition respectively. Also evaluation of the prevalence of chronic diseases revealed that patient's group had significantly higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus, higher intake of oral antidiabetics, higher prevalence of dementia, chronic kidney disease. Medical history assessment demonstrated that patient's group were more prevalently using steroid and antiepileptics. GDS, MMSE, and MNA had a diagnostic value for hip fractures predictors of hip fractures highlighted that significant predictors were older age, marital status, low BMI, smoking, depression, poor nutritional status, DM, dementia, CKD, and oral steroids intake. Conclusion Osteoporosis is a complex and costly disease, osteoporotic fractures may be largely preventable, as environmental factors are open to intervention, and effective pharmacological agents are available. From both clinical and economic perspectives, aggressive measures to detect osteoporosis at earlier stages may be warranted.