article · Frontiers in Energy Research
Carbon capture and storage provides a recognised method for mitigating climate change by collecting carbon dioxide from point sources or the atmosphere and sequestering it in geological formations. Standard capture methods include oxy-fuel combustion, pre-treatment of fossil fuels, and post-combustion approaches, while direct air capture and advanced computational frameworks represent emerging options. Once injected underground, carbon dioxide requires robust monitoring to ensure long-term containment. Combining geological, geophysical, geochemical, and environmental monitoring methods helps reduce uncertainties and limit risks associated with subsurface storage. While several pilot and commercial operations are already commissioned globally, scaling the approach requires continuous innovation in monitoring, broader risk management, and public engagement. Integrating tools such as artificial intelligence and scalable modelling into established industrial infrastructure and regulatory frameworks remains a critical operational challenge.
Managing carbon emissions through underground storage is a critical path for limiting the impacts of climate change. Ensuring that captured carbon dioxide remains safely trapped underground requires comprehensive monitoring across multiple scientific disciplines. Improving these verification systems builds public trust and establishes the safety needed for large-scale adoption across heavy industries and energy sectors.
The work covers technologies spanning operational pilot and commercial-scale projects down to early-stage innovations like artificial intelligence and direct air capture. These solutions target heavy industrial emitters, energy producers, and monitoring service providers seeking secure carbon sequestration. Successful adoption depends heavily on addressing integration hurdles with current infrastructure and complying with emerging regulatory standards.
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Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is recognized as a potent strategy for managing the accumulation of human-generated CO 2 in the atmosphere, helping to alleviate climate change’s effects. The CO 2 gas is captured from the point source through methods such as pre-treating fossil fuels, oxy-fuel combustion, or post-combustion capture; thereafter; it is transported to a storage location and injected into geological formations. This article provides an overview of carbon dioxide capture and sequestration, focusing on its key principles, technologies, associated risks, and challenges. Direct Air Capture (DAC) and Scalable Modelling, Artificial intelligence (Al), Rapid Theoretical calculations SMART technologies are detailed as emerging and promising approaches to CO 2 capture. Numerous pilot and commercial projects commissioned to manage carbon dioxide emissions are presented. Additionally, the paper explores approaches combining geological, geophysical, geochemical, and environmental monitoring techniques to ensure the secure and sustainable storage of CO 2 underground. These are essential to address uncertainties, minimize risks, and build public confidence in CCS as a viable climate mitigation strategy. The successful deployment of these technologies on a global scale will require continued innovation, particularly in the areas of monitoring, risk management, and public engagement. Emerging technologies such as AI and SMART systems could play a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency and safety of CCS operations. However, the integration of these advancements with existing infrastructure and regulatory frameworks remains a challenge. Ultimately, a multi-disciplinary approach, combining technological, economic, and regulatory perspectives, will be vital to realizing the full potential of CCS in combating climate change.
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DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1450991
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