Primary Thyroid Lymphoma: A Report of Three Cases and a Review of the Literature

Abstract

Primary thyroid lymphoma is an uncommon malignant tumor of the thyroid gland. The most frequent histological subtype is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, which typically occurs in middle-aged to elderly women and presents as a rapidly enlarging cervical mass. We report the cases of three women, aged between 50 and 75 years, who presented with rapidly enlarging cervical masses accompanied by compression symptoms such as dyspnea and dysphagia. Cervicothoracic computed tomography (CT) scans revealed a plunging goiter in two patients and a well-defined thyroid mass in the third. Surgical biopsies were conducted on all three patients, and histological examination, coupled with immunohistochemistry, confirmed B-cell lymphomatous proliferation.