article · International Journal of Women s Health
A cross-sectional study of 440 female university students in Ethiopia examined the prevalence, risk factors, and academic impact of primary dysmenorrhea. The disorder affected 85.4 per cent of participants, with 38.1 per cent experiencing moderate pain and 18.8 per cent experiencing severe pain. Among affected students, 88.3 per cent reported negative impacts on their academic performance, including school absence, missed classes, reduced concentration, and difficulty completing homework. Multivariate analysis linked primary dysmenorrhea to factors including lower monthly stipends, past attempts to lose weight, depression or anxiety, disrupted social networks, high tea intake exceeding four glasses daily, daily consumption of cola drinks, nulliparity, and a family history of dysmenorrhea. The findings show that primary dysmenorrhea significantly disrupts higher education and requires medical attention alongside consideration of identified risk factors.
Menstrual pain causes significant educational disruption for female university students through missed lectures, reduced concentration, and impaired study habits. Recognising how prevalent the condition is, along with identifying linked dietary, psychological, and socioeconomic risk factors, allows healthcare providers and educational institutions to offer appropriate medical attention, guidance, and support systems to safeguard student health and academic achievement.
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BACKGROUND: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is the most common gynecologic compliant among adolescent females. There is a wide variation in the estimate of PD, which ranges from 50% to 90%, and the disorder is the most common cause of work and school absenteeism in adolescent females. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of PD among female university students and understand its effects on students' academic performance. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was employed in 440 research participants. A multistage stratified sampling technique was employed to select the study units. Structured and pretested self-administered questionnaires were used and weight and height measurements were conducted. The severity of dysmenorrheal pain was assessed by using a verbal multidimensional scoring system and visual analog scale. The data were double entered in Epi Info version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 17. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis were performed. RESULTS: A total of 440 students participated in this study. The prevalence of PD was 368 (85.4%). Of these, 123 (28.5%) had mild, 164 (38.1%) moderate, and 81 (18.8%) severe primary dysmenorrheal pain. Among students with PD, 88.3% reported that PD had a negative effect on their academic performance. Of these, 80% reported school absence, 66.8% reported loss of class concentration, 56.3% reported class absence, 47.4% reported loss of class participation, 37.8% reported limited sport participation, 31.7% reported limitation in going out with friends, and 21% reported inability to do homework. Based on the multivariate logistic regression, PD was statistically significant with those who had lower monthly stipends, a history of attempt to lose weight, a history of depression or anxiety, disruption of social network of family, friends or people they love, who consumed more than four glasses of tea per day, who drunk one or more Coca-Cola or Pepsi per day, in nullipara, and students with a family history of dysmenorrhea. CONCLUSION: PD is more prevalent among female students attending university. It has a significant negative impact on students' academic performance. Thus, it needs medical attention. There are various identified associated risk factors and considering them in the management of the disorder is fundamental. It is also wise to recommend future studies to better identify risk factors for PD and lighten its effect on students' academic performance at a larger scale in the country.
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DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s112768
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