Prevalence of Some Diarrhea Pathogens among under 5, in Wad Medani Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Gezira State, Sudan

Abstract

Infections of gastrointestinal tract are the most frequent diseases worldwide. Infectious diarrhea is a major public health problem and remains one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality among infants and children especially in developing countries. The symptoms of gastroenteritis include diarrhea and vomiting which may lead to severe dehydration and even death. The aim of this study was to identify some diarrheal pathogen among under five children attending to wad Medani Pediatric Teaching hospital during January 2021 to march 2022. Total of 384 stool samples were collected from children suffering from diarrhea and were tested using culture with biochemical test, direct examination by wet preparation and staining techniques. Moreover, screen Rotavirus by Ag ICT were used to determine their prevalence. The data were collected using questionnaire and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results showed that the prevalence of pathogens were 196 samples (51%). The prevalence of pathogens showed that (29.6 %) was Giardia lamblia, (19.9%) was Cryptosporidium, (13.3%) was Rotaviruses, (12.2%) was Escherichia coli,( 9.7%) was Schigella species,( 8.7%) was Entamoeba histolytica and (6.6% )was Salmonella species. From those infected patients,( 56.1%) had fever, (76%) had vomiting. Also, (39.3%) were resides in urban while( 60.7%) resides in rural situation. About (42.9 % )had severe dehydration, (60% )acute diarrhea and (40%) chronic diarrhea , (87.8%) of children was take Rota vaccine and (70%) of mother not use soap to cleaning the children and think diarrhea not infectious disease it cause by teething. In conclusion most of diarrhea cause by parasitic infections mostly in poor family that not able to provide safety water and sanitation and low education of mother also some children suffer from malnutrition which decrease immunity and give chance to infection (Cryptosporidium).
 In Recommendation, health education about diarrhea disease in child important for mother to prevention, attention should be Payed proper to hygienic measure such as hand washing, safe disposal of feces and disinfection of contaminated surface to reduce the risk of infections agents transmission.