Prevalence of pressure injury and associative factors among adult ICU patients admitted to selected governmental hospitals in South Nation Nationalities and Peoples Regional State, Ethiopia, 2023

Abstract

Background: Localized damage to the skin and/or underlying tissue is known as pressure injury. It still affects about 3 million persons worldwide and is a serious health issue for intensive care unit patients. Methods: Using an institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study design, 336 adults were admitted to intensive care units in three chosen hospitals in South Nation Nationalities between March 10 and April 10, 2023, to evaluate the prevalence of pressure injuries and related factors. A multistage sampling strategy was used to contact each study participant individually. SPSS version 26 statistical software was used to examine the data after it was entered into EPI-data version 4.6. To evaluate statistical relationship utilizing the odds ratio, descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were calculated. Statistical significance was evaluated using a p-value of less than 0.05 and a 95% confidence range. Results: 53 (16.9%) 95% CI (12.98–20.82) participants in a sample of 336 patients hospitalized to intensive care units suffered pressure injury. 16.9% of people had pressure injuries overall. Pressure damage development was observed to be substantially correlated with the following factors: age above 50 years, co-morbidity condition, mechanical ventilation requirement and bathing and messaging after intensive care unit admission. Conclusions: The occurrence of pressure injuries was significant among patients admitted to adult Intensive Care Units. It is recommended to carry out a prospective study to explore the incidence and related factors of pressure injuries in patients admitted to adult Intensive Care Units.