Prevalence of Malaria and Associated Factors Among Adult Population in Borama Community, Somaliland: A Cross‐Sectional Study

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Malaria is a global public health problem and remains a significant public health challenge in Somaliland, with a high burden of morbidity and mortality, particularly among vulnerable populations. Moreover, malaria infection in adults is a serious public health concern in tropical and subtropical areas, posing a severe risk. There is a paucity of data about the frequency of malaria and its associated factors among adults in Borama. This study aimed at determining the prevalence and associated factors of malaria among adults in Borama, Somaliland. Methods A community‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted. A systematic sampling technique was employed to select 280 study participants. Information on the various factors were collected using pre‐tested structured questionnaire. Blood samples were collected and examined by using microscopic examination. Data were coded, entered, and cleaned before analysis using SPSS version 27. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with malaria, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results The overall prevalence of malaria among adults was 37.9% (95% CI: 32.1–43.9). Regarding species distribution, Plasmodium falciparum was the most frequently detected, accounting for 28.6%, while Plasmodium vivax comprised 9.3%. Participants who reported participation in the removal of stagnant water were 72% (AOR = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.07–0.89, p = 0.02) less likely to be infected with malaria. Conclusions Approximately two out of five participants were infected with malaria, indicating that malaria remains a public health concern in the area. Both P. falciparum and P. vivax were identified as the circulating species. The removal of stagnant water was the only factor that showed a statistically significant association with malaria infection. Effective reduction of malaria in Borama requires coordinated efforts that include improved access to healthcare services, strengthened community‐based prevention strategies, and active surveillance.