Prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated risk factors among inmates at correctional facilities in Central Zambia

Abstract

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) such as soil-transmitted helminths remain a public health concern, especially in settings with inadequate sanitation. Vulnerable groups such as prisoners, face a heightened risk due to poor hygiene, overcrowding, and limited access to healthcare. Despite this, little is known about the prevalence and risk factors for IPIs among inmates in Zambian prisons. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasites in four correctional facilities in Kabwe, Central Province of Zambia. Methods: -value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: = 0.023). In the multivariate model, soap use remained significantly protective. Inmates who used soap were 84% less likely to have parasitic infestation compared to those who did not (AOR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.07-0.40, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The study revealed a high burden of intestinal parasitic infestations among inmates, with limited hygiene practices, such as a lack of soap use, being a significant contributor. Interventions to improve access to soap and enhance hygiene education within correctional facilities are urgently needed to reduce the burden of parasitic infections.