article · Diabetology
Hypertension is a frequent and serious complication among individuals diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, substantially raising morbidity and mortality. An assessment of 340 diabetic patients at a regional referral hospital in Northern Uganda revealed that 67.1 percent also lived with hypertension. Several demographic and clinical factors increased the likelihood of having co-occurring hypertension. Participants aged 61 years and older, individuals categorised as overweight, those living with diabetes for more than five years, and widowed individuals faced significantly higher odds of hypertension. Conversely, individuals with a monthly income between 50,001 and 100,000 Ugandan shillings experienced lower odds of developing the condition. Because two-thirds of the evaluated diabetic population experienced elevated blood pressure, the findings highlight a pressing requirement for integrated chronic disease management, routine cardiovascular screening, and targeted lifestyle modification programmes within clinical settings.
When hypertension co-exists with Type 2 diabetes, the risks of severe illness and death rise sharply. Understanding which patient groups are most vulnerable enables healthcare facilities to prioritise screenings and preventative actions. Identifying key drivers, such as illness duration and body weight, provides health systems with clear evidence to integrate routine blood pressure checks directly into ongoing diabetes care programmes.
The abstract describes observational epidemiological research rather than a proprietary product or technological invention. The findings could inform the development of integrated clinical screening tools, targeted digital monitoring applications, or public health disease-management protocols for healthcare providers managing co-morbid diabetes and hypertension. However, because this is hospital-based cross-sectional research, any practical intervention or clinical service model remains at an early concept stage and requires operational design and validation before implementation.
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Background: Hypertension commonly complicates Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), contributing significantly to increased morbidity and mortality. This study determined the prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among people with T2DM at a tertiary health facility in Northern Uganda. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 18 July to 24 October 2024. Participants with confirmed T2DM were selected through systematic random sampling at Lira Regional Referral Hospital (LRRH) in Lira City, Uganda. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from the WHO STEPS (2022) tool. Patient charts and registers were used to verify information. Data were analyzed using STATA version 16. Multivariable logistic regression was performed, and p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 340 participants were enrolled in the study; the median age was 55 years; 244 (71.8%) were female; and nearly half of the participants (163, 47.9%) had attained primary education. Overall, 67.1% (228/340) of the participants with T2DM had hypertension. Factors independently associated with higher odds of hypertension were as follows: age 61+ years (aOR = 5.55, 95% CI: 1.34–23.1, p = 0.018), being overweight (aOR = 3.77, 95%CI: 1.05–13.57, p = 0.042), T2DM duration of more than five years (aOR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.41–4.67, p = 0.002), and being widowed (aOR = 8.04, 95% CI: 1.87–34.61, p = 0.005). Earning UGX 50,001–100,000 per month (aOR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.13–0.93, p = 0.037) was associated with 65% lower odds of having hypertension. Conclusions: Two-thirds of patients with T2DM had hypertension, and factors such as older age, being overweight, a longer T2DM duration, and marital status significantly increased hypertension risk; meanwhile, moderate-income status offered a protective effect. The high burden of hypertension among patients with T2DM demonstrates the necessity for targeted public health interventions such as comprehensive lifestyle modification programs, routine screening for hypertension, early detection, and its management among patients with T2DM through enhanced healthcare access. These interventions should focus on integrated care approaches that monitor and manage T2DM alongside hypertension.
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DOI: 10.3390/diabetology7090167
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