Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Its Relationship with ABO Blood Group and Hemoglobin Genotype among Pregnant Women in Onitsha, Nigeria

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a significant public health concern globally, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Genetic factors such as ABO blood group and haemoglobin genotype have been implicated in susceptibility to infectious diseases, although their relationship with HBV infection remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV infection and assess its association with ABO blood group and haemoglobin genotype among pregnant women in Onitsha, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 114 consenting pregnant women. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), ABO blood group, and hemoglobin genotype using standard laboratory techniques. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and Fisher’s exact test. The prevalence of HBV infection was 1.8% (2/114). Blood group O positive was the most prevalent (76.3%), while genotype AA predominated (85.1%). Both HBV-positive cases were found among individuals with blood group O+ and genotype AA. No statistically significant association was found between HBV infection and blood group (p = 0.55) or haemoglobin genotype (p = 0.24). The findings indicate a low prevalence of HBV infection with no significant association with ABO blood group or haemoglobin genotype. Larger studies are recommended to explore these relationships further. Sustained antenatal screening and vaccination programs remain essential for HBV control.