Prevalence of extubation failure and factor associated among pediatrics patient admitted to Pediatrics intensive care unit at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia 

Abstract

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Introduction: </bold>a critical component of pediatrics intensive care therapy is mechanical ventilation<bold>. </bold>It is used when the patient spontaneous breathing is inadequate. In pediatrics ICU the need of mechanical ventilation range from 20% to over 60% depending on the setting. Respiratory failure is the primary indication for the initiation of ventilator support in pediatrics as a result of airway or lung disease, multi organ failure or for post-operative care. <bold>Objective</bold>: To asses prevalence of extubation failure and factor associated with extubation failure among pediatrics patients (0-14years) admitted to PICU, At TASH, Ethiopia 2024. <bold>Methods:</bold> facility based cross-sectional study was conducted among pediatrics patient (0-14 years) who had been admitted to TASH, PICU from September, 2019 to September, 2023 G, C. A total of 155 samples were included in the study. The data was collected using check list entered using Epi-info software and exported to SPSS version 25 and analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with extubation failure. Variable with P value of &lt; 0.05 were taken as statically significant Hosmer and Leme show goodness of fit test was used to check model fitness. Adjusted odds ratio with the corresponding 95% confidence interval was used to measure the strength of the association between outcome variable and independent variable. <bold>Result:</bold>the outcome of the study showed that 18.1% of intubated and extubated patients had extubation failure (CI: 12.9 - 24.5). The odds of extubation failure in those patient who stayed longer in the hospital, i.e longer than 30 days (AOR=2.81, 95%: CI 5.23-15.60) and 10 -30days (AOR=2.31, 95%: CI 3.10-17.76). Extubation failure is found to be 2.14 times higher for those patients who are not nebulized immediately after extubation than those who are nebulized. (AOR=2.14,95%:CI5.87-9.46). <bold>Conclusion: </bold>The study revealed that the extubation failure rate being 18.1%. Prolonged hospital stay and failure to nebulize after extubation were found to be determinate for extubation failure.