Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease and its Associated Factors Among Patients With Diabetes Mellitus at Government Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the presence of an abnormality in kidney structure or function that persists for more than three months. The prevalence of CKD among diabetic patients in developing countries has not been well studied. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of CKD and related factors among diabetes patients who visited particular Addis Ababa government hospitals. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2023 to May 2024 among 304 people with diabetes. Data were collected using a questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. Binary logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with CKD. Results The study findings showed that 35 (11.5%) had CKD. People living in urban area including cities and towns (AOR = 6.68; 95% CI (1.95–22.91), not engaged physical activity: It encompasses all movement, including exercise, sports, and even everyday activities like walking, cleaning, or working (AOR = 1.95; 95% CI (1.33–11.50)), body mass index (BMI) between 18 and 24.99 kg/m 2 (AOR = 2.05; 95% CI (1.38–3.05), duration of diabetes after diagnosis (10 to 14 years) and >14 years (AOR = 6.16; 95% CI (1.03–36.89)), as well as not correctly taking prescribed medication (AOR = 7.75; 95% CI(1.31–18.50), patients with co-morbidities (AOR = 3.0 (95%CI (1.0–8.6), and daily consumption of sugar and fat (AOR = 3.0 (95% CI(1.01–6.39)) were found to be significantly associated with these variables. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the proportion of CKD in the study participants was relatively high compared to previous studies. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that residence, physical activity, body mass index, duration of diabetes after diagnosis, status of taking prescribed medication, patients with co-morbidities, daily consumption of sugar and fat were significantly associated with CKD ( p < .05).