Prevalence, Distribution and Risk Factors of Helminths Parasite in Preschool Children in Rural Nomads Community in Abeokuta, Odeda Local Government Area, Ogun State

Abstract

Intestinal parasitosis poses a notable healthcare challenge, particularly in children from developing regions with warm and humid climates. This cross-sectional study, conducted from May to June 2024 among 64 primary school children in the Odeda nomads’ community, focused on evaluating the occurrence of helminthic parasites and their contributing risk factors. Using a questionnaire, data on hygiene practices and gastrointestinal symptoms were collected. Stool samples were analysed through direct smear and formalin ethyl acetate concentration techniques. The sample consisted of 23 males (35.9%) and 41 females (64.1%). The findings revealed hygienic practices among those who washed hands once daily, 46.9%, thrice, 45.3%, and sometimes 7.8%. Children reported recent gastrointestinal symptoms 20.3%. The overall prevalence was 21.9%, with a higher infection in females (29.3%) compared to males (8.7%) [OR: 0.230; CI: 0.470-1.139]. There was a marginal significant difference in both sexes (P<0.056). Females aged 2-5 years had the highest prevalence (33.3%) compared to males (9.1%). Males who washed their hands thrice daily showed the lowest infection (0.0%) [OR: 0.080; CI: 0.005-1.396] compared to females (25.0%). The study identified 41 helminthic species distributions in females and 23 in males. Females had higher co-infections of (18) A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura while (5) in males, (12) A. lumbricoides and H. worms in females and (5) in males. Males had more co-infections with 13 A. lumbricoides and other species compared to 11 in females. These findings highlight the need for enhanced hygiene education and targeted interventions to mitigate helminthic infections in young children.