Prevalence, Associated Factor, and Antimicrobial   Susceptibility Pattern of Staphylococcus Saprophyticus among Reproductive-Age Women Suspected of Urinary Tract Infection at Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Harar, Ethiopia

Abstract

<title>Abstract</title> Background <italic>S. saprophyticus</italic> is the second most common cause of acute urinary tract infections in reproductive-age women. Its infection is severe with associated significant impacts to public health, and it has a variety of prevalence from place to place. However, there is limited research in the study setting. Objectives To determine the prevalence, associated factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of <italic>S. saprophyticus</italic> among reproductive-age women suspected of urinary tract infections. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted involving a total of 229 reproductive-age women aged 15–49 years. Ten milliliters of urine samples were collected in sterile urine cups, delivered to the microbiological laboratory, and inoculated on cysteine lactose electrolyte-deficient agar and blood agar plates. The modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine drug susceptibility patterns. The collected data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26. Logistic regression was performed to assess associations between variables. Results Out of the 229 reproductive-age women screened for urinary tract infections, 8.7% tested positive for <italic>S. saprophyticus</italic> . In multivariate analysis, dysuria (AOR: 6.3, 95% CI: 1.3–31.6), catheterization history (AOR: 5.6, 95% CI: 1.5–21.5), and sexual history (AOR: 4.4, 95% CI: 1.2–16.4) were significantly associated with <italic>S. saprophyticus</italic> . The majority of the isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid (95%), cefoxitin (90%), and ampicillin (85%). Conclusion Dysuria, catheterization, and sexual history increase the odds of urinary tract infections. High resistance was observed for drugs such as nalidixic acid, cefoxitin, and ampicillin.