Prevalence and predictors of hypertension among patients undergoing preanesthesia evaluation at Bahir Dar University Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital in 2025: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Hypertension is a major modifiable risk factor for perioperative morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where the burden of chronic disease is rising. Understanding its determinants among surgical patients is essential for improving perioperative safety and optimizing clinical outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 318 adult patients who were planned to undergo surgery. Socio-demographic, behavioral, clinical, and perioperative characteristics were collected using a questionnaire and chart review. Hypertension status was determined using standard blood pressure measurements. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with hypertension, and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The prevalence of hypertension among patients evaluated in the preoperative anesthesia clinic was 26.7% (95% CI: 21.9%–32.0%). Older age, behavioral factors, and clinical status were significantly associated with hypertension. Patients aged > 60 years had higher odds of hypertension compared to younger adults. Modifiable lifestyle factors including high salt intake (AOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.98–5.54), regular physical exercise (AOR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.34–0.96), smoking (AOR = 2.73; 95% CI: 1.87–4.49), and current alcohol use (AOR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.42–5.3) were significantly associated with hypertension. Comorbidity was associated with increased odds of hypertension (AOR = 2.58; 95% CI: 1.34–4.96). The overall prevalence of hypertension among surgical patients was found to be high. Its occurrence is strongly associated with modifiable lifestyle behaviors, existing comorbidities, and higher ASA status.