Prevalence and Factors Associated with Impaired Maternal–Infant Bonding among Mothers Attending Young Child Clinic in Kampala, Uganda

Abstract

Impaired maternal-infant bonding can have a negative impact on the mother-infant relationship, affecting the social, emotional, and cognitive development of a child. In Uganda, there is a paucity of literature on impaired maternal-infant bonding. This quantitative, cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with impaired maternal-infant bonding. Postnatal mothers (<i>n</i> = 422) attending the Young Child Clinic at Kawempe National Referral Hospital participated in the study. Maternal-infant bonding was measured using the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ). Participants with a score ≥ 13 on the PBQ were considered to have impaired maternal-infant bonding. The prevalence of impaired maternal-infant bonding among mothers was 45% (190/422). Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with impaired maternal-infant bonding. Unmarried mothers (AOR = 2.05, 95% [CI = 1.03-4.09], <i>p</i> = 0.041), unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 5.19, 95% [CI = 3.07-8.82], <i>p</i> < 0.001), first-time mothers (AOR = 2.46, 95% [CI = 1.37-4.43], <i>p</i> = 0.003), female infant (AOR = 1.80, 95% [CI = 1.13-2.86], <i>p</i> = 0.013), mothers with no/low education levels (AOR = 2.29, 95% [CI = 1.05-4.50], <i>p</i> = 0.036), and those who delivered post term (AOR = 2.49, 95% [CI = 1.10-5.67], <i>p</i> = 0.028) were more likely to have impaired maternal-infant bonding. Nurses and midwives in postnatal care should include maternal-infant bonding within their client's assessment and provide supportive mother-centered care. Interventions to improve maternal-infant bonding should be created and implemented in clinical practice.