Prevalence and Factors Associated with High Blood Pressure Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Iringa Municipality, Tanzania

Abstract

Background: High blood pressure during pregnancy affects 5% to 10% of pregnancies worldwide, significantly impacting maternal and neonatal health, and is a troubling issue in Tanzania due to its contribution to high maternal mortality rates. This study examines the prevalence of high blood pressure in pregnant women attending antenatal care in Iringa Municipality, providing insight into the socio-demographic factors related to these conditions. Methods: This study employed a quantitative cross-sectional design from June 12 to July 15, 2024. The research included 545 participants selected from 12 public healthcare facilities. Data were collected from antenatal clinic cards and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to determine frequencies, percentages, statistical relationships, and predictors of high blood pressure. Results: The study found a moderate-high prevalence of high blood pressure at 13.6% among pregnant women. Significant factors included age and occupation; women below 20 years had adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of 0.251 (95% CI: 0.066-0.958, p = 0.043), and between 20-35 years had an aOR of 0.306 (95% CI: 0.135-0.694, p = 0.005), indicating lower odds of high blood pressure. Homemakers showed an aOR of 5.02 (95% CI: 1.516-16.617, p = 0.008), while petty business had an aOR of 2.975 (95% CI: 1.006-8.801, p = 0.049). Marital status, education level, income, trimester, and parity were not associated with high blood pressure during pregnancy. Conclusion: High blood pressure is prevalent among pregnant women, with age and occupation as associated factors, indicating a need for targeted interventions for better maternal health.