article · ACS Omega
A Ce(III)-BDC metal-organic framework was successfully synthesised using water as a solvent without external energy input and in a short reaction time to capture phosphate and fluoride from water. Batch adsorption experiments determined specific optimal conditions for each contaminant, including distinct pH values, adsorbent dosages, contact periods, and agitation rates. Uptake mechanisms conformed to Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, reflecting an endothermic and spontaneous adsorption process. While sulphate and phosphate acted as the primary interfering ions for phosphate and fluoride removal, respectively, chloride and bicarbonate had minimal impact. Furthermore, washing with water and sodium hydroxide solution allowed the adsorbent to be regenerated and reused four times, demonstrating consistent removal performance across repeated cycles.
Excess phosphate and fluoride in water resources threaten aquatic ecosystems and human health. Conventional remediation methods can be expensive or require intensive processing. Demonstrating that an effective adsorbent can be synthesised rapidly in water at ambient conditions, while remaining reusable across multiple cycles, offers a sustainable path toward reducing harmful inorganic contaminants in water supplies.
This material could serve industrial wastewater processors and municipal water treatment facilities seeking low-energy sorbents for mineral pollutant removal. The ease of water-based synthesis and reusability over four cycles presents practical operational advantages. Because findings are limited to early-stage laboratory batch trials, substantial testing in continuous-flow systems and complex real-world effluents will be necessary to establish commercial viability.
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The discharge of inorganic pollutants like phosphate and fluoride is a cause of mounting concern to the world due to the substantial environmental and human health risk. Adsorption is one of the most common and affordable technologies widely utilized for removing inorganic pollutants such as phosphate and fluoride anions. Investigating efficient sorbents for the adsorption of these pollutants is extremely important and challenging. This work aimed at studying the adsorption efficiency of the Ce(III)-BDC metal–organic framework (MOF) for the removal of these anions from an aqueous solution using a batch mode. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) techniques evidenced the successful synthesis of Ce(III)-BDC MOF in water as a solvent without any energy input within a short reaction time. The outstanding removal efficiency of phosphate and fluoride was exhibited at an optimized pH (3, 4), adsorbent dose (0.20, 0.35 g), contact time (3, 6 h), agitation speed (120, 100 rpm), and concentration (10, 15 ppm) for each ion, respectively. The experiment on the effect of coexisting ions demonstrated that SO42– and PO43– ions are the primary interfering ions in phosphate and fluoride adsorption, respectively, while the HCO3– and Cl– ions were found to have interfered less. Furthermore, the isotherm experiment showed that the equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model and the kinetic data correlated well with the pseudo-second-order model for both ions. The results of thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH°, ΔG°, and ΔS° evidenced an endothermic and spontaneous process. The regeneration of the adsorbent made using water and NaOH solution showed the easy regeneration of the sorbent Ce(III)-BDC MOF, which can be reused four times, revealing its potential application for the removal of these anions from aqueous environment.
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DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02290
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