Precision prevention interventions for non‐communicable diseases among youth in sub‐Saharan Africa: A scoping review

Abstract

Background. Hypertension significantly contributes to the global burden of cardiovascular disease, especially in low- and middle- income countries, including sub-Saharan Africa. Objective. To identify existing interventions targeting hypertension prevention among youth aged 13 - 25 years and evaluate the incorporation of precision prevention strategies. In doing so, this review seeks to guide future efforts in reducing hypertension among young populations in SSA. Methods. We conducted a scoping review aimed to identify interventions for hypertension risk reduction in SSA and map research in this area. Searches across academic databases and grey literature identified 3 301 articles. After removing duplicates, 3 089 articles were screened, with data extracted using a custom template on Covidence and analysed descriptively using narrative synthesis. Results. The review identified 6 interventions targeting hypertension prevention among youth in SSA. While some interventions reported efficacy in improving adherence to dietary guidelines and physical activity, others showed mixed results, particularly regarding substance use. Interventions varied in design, setting, and duration, with a focus on internal (psychological/knowledge-based) and external (health behaviour) conditions. None of the interventions utilised precision prevention methodologies. Conclusion. This review identified limited but diverse youth-focused interventions for NCD prevention in SSA, none specifically targeting hypertension or using precision prevention (PP). Despite structural and sociocultural barriers, tailored PP strategies, youth involvement, and theory-based frameworks show promise for enhancing engagement, sustainability, and impact in hypertension prevention for high- risk youth in SSA.