Poor sleep quality and associated factors people living with HIV on follow-up in Benin's National Teaching Hospital: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Sleep disturbances are increasingly recognized as a significant yet often overlooked burden among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Thus, our study aims to assess the prevalence of poor sleep quality and investigated the associated factors among PLHIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART). We conducted a hospital-based cross-sectional study from December 17th, 2023 and November 22nd,2024. A total of 514 PLHIV treated at the Centre National de Référence de Recherche et de la Prise en Charge du Sida (CNRRPEC) of the National University Hospital Center Hubert Koutoucou Maga (CNHU-HKM) in Cotonou, Benin were included in the final analysis. Sleep quality of the participants was investigated using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with poor sleep quality. In the multivariable analysis, variables with p-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant, with a 95% confidence interval. A total of 514 patients (349 women and 165 men) were enrolled in this study. The mean age of enrolled patient was 43.1 ± 12.6years, and 73.9% reported alcohol consumption. Most patients had been on antiretroviral therapy for more than five years. 47.9% of our patients experienced poor sleep quality in our study. World Health Organization (WHO) initial stage was significantly associated with poor sleep quality. This study highlights the importance of sleep quality in the overall management of HIV and proposes strategies to improve treatment outcomes and quality of life of patients. Regular assessment and appropriate management of factor affecting sleep quality can significantly contribute to the improvement of PLHIV's health and well-being.