Polarization and Radiation Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Wireless Application Systems

Abstract

This paper presents a reconfigurable Sub-6 GHz wireless network antenna. Utilizing two PIN diodes, the proposed antenna can switch between three operating modes: two circularly polarized modes (5.33–5.85 GHz) with omnidirectional and directional patterns and a linearly polarized mode (5.37–5.63 GHz) with directional pattern. The antenna configuration allows adaptation to various signal environments, without the necessity of multiple hardware setups, which is infrequently achieved in compact designs. The introduced design offers polarization and pattern reconfigurability, enhancing the signal robustness and flexibility of wireless systems in dynamic environments. Simulations confirm a maximum gain of 7.9 dB, great impedance matching, and stable radiation performance, making it suitable for 5G terminals and adaptive MIMO systems. Given these capabilities, the antenna is well-suited for real-world applications such as 5G-enabled smartphones, smart IoT nodes, and vehicular communications units, where space, performance, and adaptability are critical. The designed antenna is fabricated using a low loss Rogers RT5880 substrate of 2.2 relative permittivity.