article · Horticulturae
Plant growth-promoting microbes, encompassing beneficial bacteria and fungi, support resilient farming by improving soil health, controlling diseases, and boosting crop tolerance to environmental stresses. These organisms improve nutrient availability and uptake, while also altering plant immune responses, phytohormone production, and signalling pathways to stimulate growth. Utilising these biological agents decreases the agricultural sector's reliance on synthetic fertilisers and chemical pesticides. In doing so, microbial interventions help preserve natural resources, diminish greenhouse gas emissions, and lessen the negative impacts of climate change. Ultimately, employing beneficial soil microbes provides a route to strengthen crop productivity, reinforce food security, and foster eco-friendly agricultural systems under mounting global challenges.
Modern agriculture faces severe threats from climate-driven stressors and degraded soils, alongside the environmental hazards of chemical inputs. Using naturally occurring microbes offers a viable pathway to sustain crop yields, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and rebuild soil health. This biological approach underpins long-term food security by enabling farming systems to withstand ecological pressures without continuing heavy reliance on synthetic fertilisers and pesticides.
The findings support the development of microbial biofertilisers, biostimulants, and biocontrol agents targeted at farmers and commercial agricultural producers aiming to replace chemical inputs. Because the underlying evidence is drawn from a synthesis of current research and future directions rather than direct product trials, the commercialisation distance spans early-stage biological discovery to existing applied microbial inoculants.
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This review delves into the role of plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPMs) in sustainable agriculture by enhancing soil health, improving plant stress tolerance, and controlling diseases. PGPMs, which include bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms, are increasingly recognized as important contributors to promoting eco-friendly agricultural practices. Their ability to improve nutrient availability, stimulate plant growth, and protect crops from environmental stressors makes them a cornerstone for resilient and efficient farming systems. By reducing dependency on synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, PGPMs play a vital role in preserving environmental resources, minimizing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and combating climate change’s negative impacts. This article thoroughly explores the complex interactions between PGPMs, soil nutrients, plant pathogens, and abiotic stressors. It also examines how these interactions influence phytohormone production and signaling pathways, ultimately impacting crop growth and development. Furthermore, this review discusses how PGPMs enhance nutrient uptake, modulate plant immune responses, and improve stress resilience, offering a holistic understanding of their multifaceted contributions to farming. By synthesizing current research and highlighting future directions, this review underscores the potential of PGPMs to revolutionize agricultural activities, ensuring food security and environmental sustainability in the face of global challenges.
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DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae11030260
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