Phytotherapeutic approach to enhance the hepatoprotective activity of some edible plants: Molecular docking and nanoformulation

Abstract

• Molecular docking revealed interactions of phytochemicals with liver proteins. • Combined plant extracts showed synergistic liver protection, enhancing efficacy. • HPLC analysis recorded the phytochemical fingerprint of the prepared formula. • SMEDDS notably improved bioavailability and hepatoprotection of phytochemicals. This study used molecular docking to evaluate phytochemicals from 47 plants against liver fibrosis. It identified potent compounds, prompting further investigation of chamomile, pomegranate, ginseng, and artichoke. Extracts from these plants were characterized and formulated into a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS). Studies on the herbal formula exhibited around 150% higher flavonoids, 50% higher polyphenols, 178% higher antioxidant activity, and synergistic In-vitro hepatoprotective effects compared to the average results of individual extracts. Both the aqueous suspension and the nanoformulation of the formula offered in-vivo protection against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. The SMEDDS group showed superior outcomes, with no significant differences when compared with control group, confirming enhanced bioavailability. This multifaceted approach substantiated the hepatotherapeutic potential of these traditionally used plants and unveiled the possibilities of nanoformulated preparations for potentiating their effectiveness where future research may focus on optimizing the ratio of plant extracts to achieve the best results.