article · ACS Omega
Marine red algae extract from Grateloupia sparsa has been used as a natural reducing and stabilising agent to produce cobalt oxide nanoparticles via a hydrothermal method. This green synthesis route avoids hazardous chemicals while yielding small, spherical nanoparticles. When tested as energy storage materials, activated carbon and cobalt oxide nanoparticle electrodes exhibited specific capacitances of 125 and 182 F g-1, respectively. Combining activated carbon with cobalt oxide nanoparticles enhanced energy density to 25.27 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 585 W kg-1, retaining 99.5 percent capacitance after 3,000 cycles. Furthermore, a symmetric supercapacitor device constructed using these composite electrodes achieved an energy density of 55 Wh kg-1 at 650 W kg-1 and demonstrated cyclic stability by retaining 93.75 percent of its capacitance after 8,000 cycles in an aqueous sodium sulphate electrolyte.
Finding cleaner, non-toxic ways to manufacture energy storage components is essential for sustainable electronics. By using seaweed extract instead of harsh chemical agents, this approach produces high-performing supercapacitor materials with strong durability and high energy capacity. Such methods demonstrate that greener manufacturing processes can match the demanding performance requirements of modern energy storage systems.
The work addresses energy storage device manufacturers seeking cleaner fabrication methods. The nanocomposite demonstrates utility for supercapacitors operating in aqueous electrolytes, offering high energy density and extended cycle life. Because the findings are based on laboratory synthesis and testing of prototype electrodes and a test device, the technology is at an applied laboratory stage and requires further development and industrial scale-up before commercial deployment.
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The benign preparation of cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-NPs) was performed using marine red algae extract (<i>Grateloupia sparsa</i>) as a simple, cost-effective, scalable, and one-pot hydrothermal technique. The nominated extract was employed as an environmental reductant and stabilizing agent. The resultant product showed the typical peak of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-NPs around 400 nm wavelength as ascertained by UV-vis spectroscopy. Size and morphological techniques combined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed the small size of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-NPs deformed in a spherical shape. The activated carbon (AC) electrode and Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-NP electrode delivered a specific capacitance (<i>C</i> <sub>sp</sub>) of 125 and 182 F g<sup>-1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The energy density of the AC and AC/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> electrodes with a power density of 543.44 and 585 W kg<sup>-1</sup> was equal to 17.36 and 25.27 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The capacitance retention of designed electrodes was 99.2 and 99.5% after 3000 cycles. Additionally, a symmetric AC/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>//AC/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> supercapacitor device had a specific capacitance (<i>C</i> <sub>sp</sub>) of 125 F g<sup>-1</sup> and a high energy density of 55 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup> at a power density of 650 W kg<sup>-1</sup>. Meanwhile, the symmetric device exhibited superior cyclic stability after 8000 cycles, with a capacitance retention of 93.75%. Overall, the adopted circular criteria, employed to use green technology to avoid noxious chemicals, make the AC/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite an easily accessible electrode for energy storage applications.
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DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02305
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