article · Applied Organometallic Chemistry
Industrial discharge from textile and dye production poses significant environmental hazards, intensifying water insecurity through harmful chemical pollution. While traditional physical and chemical water treatment approaches exist, they often remain slow, costly, and inefficient. Engineered nanomaterials provide an alternative remediation route owing to their distinctive surface properties and high chemical reactivity. Plant-mediated biological synthesis offers a sustainable technique to manufacture metal and bimetallic nanoparticles tailored for the breakdown of hazardous dye effluents. A review of scientific literature outlines how these plant-derived biogenic nanoparticles operate to degrade refractory dyes, examining the degradation mechanisms, required treatment times, and removal efficiency. The collected evidence highlights the performance of plant-synthesised and bimetallic nanoarchitectures as viable options for purifying contaminated industrial wastewater.
Hazardous chemical runoff from textile and dyeing facilities degrades aquatic ecosystems and worsens water insecurity. Finding cleaner, cost-effective water treatment technologies is critical for both environmental health and industrial compliance. Using plant extracts to synthesise reactive metal nanoparticles presents a sustainable pathway to eliminate persistent dye pollutants without relying on expensive, time-consuming legacy treatment methods.
This research is relevant to industrial wastewater management, particularly for textile and dyeing facilities seeking effective effluent treatment solutions. Because the evidence derives from a review of scientific databases, the technology remains at the stage of early-stage and laboratory research. Practical commercialisation would require establishing how plant-biosynthesised metal and bimetallic nanoparticles perform in scalable, real-world treatment plants beyond controlled experimental conditions.
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The present scenario of water insecurity (poor availability and accessibility to clean and healthy water when needed) denotes the preponderance of environmental damage caused by effluents or waste runoff from industries, such as the dye and textile industries. The polluted waters have led to terrible and sonorous negative impacts on the ecosystem and econetworking, thus, urging for a sustainably suitable substitute to tackle and annul the noxious environmental constraint posse by the hazardous dye effluent. Several chemical and physical methods for treating dye effluent are now in use, but they are time‐consuming, expensive, and inefficient. Interestingly, nanoparticles have egressed as a superior answer for efficient dye removal and degradation, because of their chemical reactivity and exceptional surface characteristics. As a result, the use of metal nanomaterials in the treatment of dye runoffs has been thoroughly investigated. The study used major scientific databases such as SciFinder, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct to conduct a comprehensive review of publicly available literature. Degradation, dye effluent, green metal nanoparticles, and water pollution were the keywords used to find scholarly papers. Efforts were made to figure out and explain the mechanism of dye effluent degradation, how long the degradation will take and how effective the use of plant biosynthesized metal nanoparticles for dye removal is. In addition, the role of bimetallic nanoparticles has also been investigated with remarkable feat from literature. The current level of knowledge about the mechanism and the use of plant biogenic metal nanoparticles in common dye effluent treatment is summarized in this paper.
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DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6946
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