PHYTOCHEMICAL, PROXIMATE, VITAMIN AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF CRUDE EXTRACT OF ZANTHOXYLUM ZANTHOXYLOIDES STEM BARK.

Abstract

Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, a member of the Rutaceae family, is renowned for its extensive traditional medicinal applications, including the treatment of infections, pain, inflammation, gastrointestinal disorders, and parasitic diseases. Despite its widespread use, there is a need to further explore its rich phytochemical, proximate, vitamin, and mineral composition to scientifically validate its therapeutic and nutritional potential. This study analyzed the crude extract of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides stem bark using standard methods, and revealed significant concentrations of bioactive compounds such as phenols (853.49 ± 2.86 mg/100 g), flavonoids (748.95 ± 0.32 mg/100 g), tannins (729.36 ± 1.89 mg/100 g), alkaloids (517.79 ± 1.56 mg/100 g), and glycosides (332.37 ± 1.64 mg/100 g), which are known for their potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Proximate analysis demonstrated a rich nutritional profile with carbohydrates (81.81 ± 0.01 mg/100 g), protein (5.70 mg/100 g), fiber (2.22 mg/100 g), and low-fat content (1.03 mg/100 g), positioning it as a potential dietary resource. The vitamin profile included Vitamin A (0.69 mg/100 g), Vitamin C (0.34 mg/100 g), and essential B-complex vitamins, including B1, B2, B3, B6, and B12, which are crucial for energy metabolism, immune support, and overall well-being. Mineral analysis highlighted sodium (190.46 mg/100 g), potassium (142.13 ± 1.01 mg/100 g), magnesium (183.06 ± 0.01 mg/100 g), calcium (181.49 mg/100 g), and trace elements like iron and zinc, reinforcing its potential in combating micronutrient deficiencies. These findings provide comprehensive scientific validation for the traditional applications of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, highlighting its utility in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. Further investigations are recommended to explore its pharmacological properties, safety profile, and therapeutic efficacy in clinical applications.