Phytochemical Profiling and In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti‐Protein Denaturation Activities of Bioactive Fractions From the Moroccan Endemic <i>Andryala mogadorensis</i>

Abstract

Andryala mogadorensis is a rare Moroccan endemic species traditionally used for inflammatory conditions. This study evaluated the in vitro antioxidant and anti-protein denaturation activities of its hydromethanolic extract and chromatographic fractions. The extract was fractionated on silica gel, and the resulting fractions were combined according to thin-layer chromatography (TLC) profiles. Active fractions were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS/MS). Antioxidant activity was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing power, and β-carotene bleaching assays, while anti-protein denaturation was tested via heat-induced denaturation of bovine serum and egg albumins, with diclofenac as reference. Profiling revealed quinic, caffeoylquinic, caffeic, and rosmarinic acids, and luteolin and quercetin derivatives. Fraction 11 showed the strongest antioxidant effect, comparable to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), while fraction 8 showed the highest protein-stabilizing activity. These findings highlight A. mogadorensis as a promising source of natural antioxidant and protein-stabilizing agents and provide a phytochemical and in vitro basis consistent with its traditional use in Moroccan medicine.