article · Pharmaceuticals
This investigation assesses the phytochemical composition and biological properties of Dianthus sylvestris subsp. aristidis, a plant endemic to Algeria. Chemical profiling of the hydromethanolic leaf extract identified twenty-two bioactive compounds, including various phenolic acids and flavonoids. Biological evaluations conducted across hydromethanolic, ethyl acetate, and butanolic extracts demonstrated that none of the samples were toxic in brine shrimp lethality testing. The ethyl acetate and butanolic extracts displayed high photoprotective potential, yielding calculated sun protection factor values of over forty-three. Furthermore, the butanolic extract proved to be an effective inhibitor of alpha-amylase, displaying greater inhibitory potency than the standard drug acarbose. The tested extracts also demonstrated enzyme inhibitory activities against urease and tyrosinase, highlighting the plant as a viable natural source of secondary metabolites useful for skincare and metabolic disorder management.
Identifying medicinal properties in understudied endemic plants can uncover safer, plant-derived alternatives for common health concerns. The photoprotective and enzyme-inhibiting characteristics of this species point towards natural options for sun protection and blood sugar management. This broadens the library of active botanicals available for therapeutic development without presenting cellular toxicity in preliminary models.
This work points to prospective applications in cosmetic formulations for UV protection and therapeutic ingredients for diabetes management. The primary users would be cosmetic manufacturers and pharmaceutical developers looking for natural bioactive ingredients. However, the research sits at an early laboratory stage, relying on in vitro enzyme assays, photoprotective calculations, and basic lethality screens, meaning substantial further formulation and clinical testing are required before commercial use.
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Background/Objectives: This study provides the first comprehensive phytochemical composition and biological evaluation of Dianthus sylvestris subsp. aristidis (Batt.) Greuter & Burdet, a plant endemic to Algeria with unexplored pharmacological potential. The objective is to identify novel bioactive metabolites in the plant’s extracts and assess their potential applications for skincare and metabolic disorder management, addressing gaps in the current understanding of its medicinal value. Methods: Liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) profiling was used to analyze the hydromethanolic (HMeOH) leaf extract and identify bioactive compounds. The biological activities of HMeOH, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and butanolic (n-BuOH) extracts were tested for cytotoxicity using the brine shrimp lethality test, photoprotective potential by calculating the sun protection factor (SPF), and enzymatic inhibitory activities against alpha-amylase, urease, and tyrosinase. Results: The LC-ESI-MS/MS profiling of the MeOH extract identified 22 bioactive compounds, including phenolic acids and flavonoids, some of which have not been previously reported in this species. Cytotoxicity tests showed that all extracts were non-toxic (half-lethal concentration (LC50) > 100 micrograms per milliliter). The SPF values indicated significant photoprotective potential, with EtOAc (SPF = 45.19 ± 0.73) and n-BuOH (SPF = 43.81 ± 0.59) extracts showing high sun protection activity. The n-BuOH extract exhibited strong alpha-amylase inhibitory activity (half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 307.08 micrograms per milliliter), surpassing the standard acarbose (IC50 = 3650.93 micrograms per milliliter), suggesting potential applications in diabetes management. Conclusions: Dianthus sylvestris subsp. aristidis demonstrates significant pharmacological potential as a source of bioactive secondary metabolites for skincare and metabolic disorder management. These findings provide new insights into the plant’s therapeutic potential and set a foundation for future pharmacological and clinical investigations.
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DOI: 10.3390/ph18040578
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