Phytochemical constituents, <i>in vitro</i> antibacterial activity, and computational studies of Sudanese <i>Musa acuminate</i> Colla fruit peel hydro-ethanol extract

Abstract

Abstract A crucial worldwide concern is the development of drug-resistant bacteria; another problem is protecting the environment by reducing waste generation. This study aimed to explore antibacterial components from Musa acuminate fruit peel waste products. The powder was extracted by maceration using 70% ethanol and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The bacterial susceptibility test was performed against standard strains of Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli by well diffusion method. The phytoconstituents were in silico analyzed to determine their binding affinities to the target bacterial proteins and the pharmacokinetic characters. GC–MS investigation indicated the occurrence of steroids, triterpenes, and sugars. The extract inhibited bacterial growth of all strains at concentrations as low as 125 mg/mL. 9,19-Cyclolanost-23-ene-3,25-diol (3.beta., 23E) and stigmasterol displayed a good binding affinity with the P. aeruginosa quorum sensing regulator, S. aureus enoyl-acyl carrier reductase, and E. coli dihydrofolate reductase proteins with docking scores comparable to the reference compounds. Also, they exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics. The results determined the beneficial antibacterial effects of banana peel waste products with diverse components that can likely be employed as a potential alternative to antibacterial agents. Further research is recommended to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of banana peel components.