Phytochemical constituents and biological activities of <i>Artemisia herba-alba</i>: An updated review

Abstract

The Asteraceae family include the perennial little shrub Artemisia herba-alba, more often known as white wormwood, among its members. The Mediterranean area, which encompasses parts of North Africa, the Middle East, and Spain, is home to this plant's extensive distribution. It thrives in warm, dry climates and is recognized for its strong roots and verdant, silvery foliage. A. herbaalba has a long history of usage in herbal medicine due to its several bioactive properties, including its ability to reduce inflammation, fight cancer, and lower blood sugar levels. Herbal teas and essential oils made from its extracts have a long history of use in the treatment of a variety of medical conditions, including infections, gastrointestinal problems, and hypertension. Based on phytochemical investigations, the therapeutic benefits of A. herba-alba are believed to be due to its high concentration of polyphenolic components, which include flavonoids, phenolic acids, and essential oils. Studies have shown that it is effective in lowering blood glucose levels and inflammatory reactions, and that it has strong antibacterial activity against many infections, even those caused by resistant bacteria. There is some evidence that its essential oils could be useful as insecticides and natural flavor enhancers. Extra research is needed to determine safety profiles, standardize extracts for clinical use, and understand the mechanisms behind these effects, notwithstanding the promising medicinal properties. After reviewing the existing literature, researchers should look at the plant's chemotypes in different regions to see how they influence its phytochemical composition and therapeutic potential. This review argues that A. herba-alba is an effective herbal medicine tool that can help with a variety of issues, including the management of chronic illnesses, the promotion of wellness, and the fight against antibiotic resistance and modern pharmacology.