Phylogenetic Insights and Host-Specific Dynamics of Avian Metapneumovirus in Moroccan Wild Birds

Abstract

Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) poses a significant threat to poultry health, causing respiratory disease, reduced egg production, and substantial economic losses. Despite its global importance, data on aMPV circulation in North Africa remain limited. This study investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of aMPV in wild birds in Morocco, with a focus on migratory species. Molecular testing detected aMPV in 12% of samples (131 birds, 254 samples), with subtype B comprising 73% of positive cases and subtype A accounting for 27%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close genetic relationships between Moroccan strains and European reference strains, including vaccine-related sequences. Strains isolated from different bird species clustered into distinct phylogenetic groups, suggesting potential host-specific adaptations. These findings underscore the role of migratory birds in the dissemination of aMPV and highlight the urgent need for enhanced surveillance to guide control strategies for both wild and domestic bird populations.