article · Pathogens
An investigation of 55 Staphylococcus aureus samples from Algeria examined bacteria collected from sheep with mastitis, humans, and food matrices. Using mass spectrometry and DNA microarray analysis, the research assessed slime production, biofilm formation, and associated genetic profiles. Overall, 71.0 percent of isolates produced slime and 41.8 percent formed biofilms. Notably, all food-derived isolates demonstrated biofilm-forming capacity, alongside 52.6 percent of sheep mastitis isolates and 17.9 percent of human isolates. Four human isolates carried the mecA gene, identifying them as methicillin-resistant strains, with two of these producing slime. The analysis classified the bacteria across 15 clonal complexes and surveyed key regulatory and adhesion genes, finding the fnbB gene in all biofilm-forming food isolates. The findings profile phenotypic biofilm capabilities and the underlying genetic background across diverse sources.
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen affecting both livestock productivity and human health. When bacteria form biofilms, they become significantly harder to eliminate from clinical environments and food processing systems. Mapping the prevalence of biofilm-forming capabilities and antimicrobial resistance genes across animal, human, and food isolates provides critical surveillance data for public health authorities, veterinary services, and food safety regulators.
This work represents early-stage baseline research mapping bacterial traits and genetics. It does not test or present a commercial product, diagnostic kit, or treatment. The genetic and phenotypic profiles could eventually inform food safety monitoring protocols or veterinary diagnostic tools, but the abstract does not indicate any immediate application pathway.
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<i>S</i><i>taphylococcus aureus</i> is an opportunistic bacterium causing a wide variety of diseases. Biofilm formation of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is of primary public and animal health concern. The purposes of the present study were to investigate the ability of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolated from animals, humans, and food samples to form biofilms and to screen for the presence of biofilm-associated and regulatory genes. In total, 55 <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolated from sheep mastitis cases (n = 28), humans (n = 19), and from food matrices (n = 8) were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The ability of <i>Staphylococcus</i> aureus for slime production and biofilm formation was determined quantitatively. A DNA microarray examination was performed to detect adhesion genes (icaACD and biofilm-associated protein gene (bap)), genes encoding microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs), regulatory genes (accessory gene regulator (agr) and staphylococcal accessory regulator (sarA)), and the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec elements (SCCmec). Out of 55 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 39 (71.0%) and 23 (41.8%) were producing slime and biofilm, respectively. All <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> strains isolated from food showed biofilm formation ability. 52.6% of the <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> strains isolated from sheep with mastitis, and 17.9% of isolates from humans, were able to form a biofilm. Microarray analysis typed the Staphylococcus aureus into 15 clonal complexes. Among all <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolates, four of the human isolates (21.1%) harbored the mecA gene (SCCmec type IV) typed into 2 clonal complexes (CC22-MRSA-IV and CC80-MRSA-IV) and were considered as methicillin-resistant, while two of them were slime-producing. None of the isolates from sheep with mastitis harbored the cna gene which is associated with biofilm production. The fnbB gene was found in 100%, 60% and 40% of biofilm-producing <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolated from food, humans, and sheep with mastitis, respectively. Three agr groups were present and agr group III was predominant with 43.6%, followed by agr group I (38.2%), and agr group II (18.2%). This study revealed the capacity of Staphylococcus aureus isolates to form biofilms and highlighted the genetic background displayed by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolates from different sources in Algeria.
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DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020153
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