review · Pharmaceuticals
Trichostatin A is a natural dienohydroxamic acid derivative produced from a fungal metabolite that displays a wide range of therapeutic properties. It shows antidiabetic effects by reversing high glucose levels linked to reduced neurotrophic factor expression, reduces inflammation by suppressing cytokine expression, and diminishes oxidative stress. Significant interest centres on its anticancer activity across various cancer types, demonstrated in cell line studies and animal models. The compound operates through several pathways and influences epigenetic modulators involved in cellular transformation, positioning it as an epidrug candidate. Trichostatin A acts effectively on its own or in combination with standard chemotherapy, where it can sensitise human cancer cells to treatment. Crucially, evidence indicates that it does not cause toxic effects in normal cells, highlighting its potential utility in disease prevention and oncology regimens.
Many existing cancer therapies damage healthy tissues or encounter drug resistance. A natural compound that selectively targets malignant cells, increases tumour sensitivity to existing chemotherapy, and acts on epigenetic mechanisms could improve treatment outcomes. Understanding its broad activities against diabetes, inflammation, and oxidative stress also expands the scope for developing safer, multi-target therapies across multiple chronic conditions.
Trichostatin A presents potential applications as an oncology drug candidate or as an adjuvant to sensitise tumours to existing chemotherapies. Pharmaceutical developers and oncology researchers are the primary target users. Based on the reported findings in cell lines and animal models, the compound remains at an early, pre-clinical stage of research, requiring substantial translational development before entering clinical trials.
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Trichostatin A (TSA), a natural derivative of dienohydroxamic acid derived from a fungal metabolite, exhibits various biological activities. It exerts antidiabetic activity and reverses high glucose levels caused by the downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in Schwann cells, anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the expression of various cytokines, and significant antioxidant activity by suppressing oxidative stress through multiple mechanisms. Most importantly, TSA exhibits potent inhibitory activity against different types of cancer through different pathways. The anticancer activity of TSA appeared in many in vitro and in vivo investigations that involved various cell lines and animal models. Indeed, TSA exhibits anticancer properties alone or in combination with other drugs used in chemotherapy. It induces sensitivity of some human cancers toward chemotherapeutical drugs. TSA also exhibits its action on epigenetic modulators involved in cell transformation, and therefore it is considered an epidrug candidate for cancer therapy. Accordingly, this work presents a comprehensive review of the most recent developments in utilizing this natural compound for the prevention, management, and treatment of various diseases, including cancer, along with the multiple mechanisms of action. In addition, this review summarizes the most recent and relevant literature that deals with the use of TSA as a therapeutic agent against various diseases, emphasizing its anticancer potential and the anticancer molecular mechanisms. Moreover, TSA has not been involved in toxicological effects on normal cells. Furthermore, this work highlights the potential utilization of TSA as a complementary or alternative medicine for preventing and treating cancer, alone or in combination with other anticancer drugs.
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DOI: 10.3390/ph15101235
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