article · Journal of Energy Storage
Smart nanogrids integrate renewable resources and storage to enhance power system performance from generation to consumption. This research evaluates a practical nanogrid implementation using intelligent metering to coordinate power flows from solar panels, battery storage, and the utility grid for residential users. A demand response framework assesses three control models: adaptive open-loop control, adaptive closed-loop control, and model predictive control. The formulation optimises the battery state of charge to maximise the use of local solar generation and stored energy while cutting dependence on the electrical utility. Real-time monitoring of the system is sustained across all three models, offering different operational advantages for grid owners and end users. Validated on an electrical setup representing a residential setting, the control models reduce utility power intake to achieve energy savings between 23.7% and 39.24% of the total consumer demand.
Coordinating household solar panels and battery storage effectively reduces reliance on the main electricity grid. By demonstrating control methods that cut utility energy consumption by up to 39.24% while supporting continuous monitoring, this approach helps make domestic renewable energy setups more reliable and financially viable for consumers and microgrid operators.
This research applies directly to residential nanogrids, smart homes, and distributed energy management systems. Prospective users include residential property owners, smart meter vendors, and utility companies operating demand-response programmes. Having been validated using an electrical system to mirror real-world residential conditions, the technology sits at an applied and tested stage, positioned between laboratory validation and pilot field deployment.
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Several features of innovative grid technologies can be deployed to improve the overall performance of the power system environment. This can be seen from the generation to the consumption of energy. The two-way communication of smart metering introduces the novel functionalities of the energy management system. This paper presents a practical implementation of using the intelligent metering system. It consists of implementing a nanogrid that optimally coordinates the energy from the solar panel, battery storage and utility grid to supply the end user. The developed model is validated with an optimal value of the state of charge of the distributed energy storage to maximise energy from the solar panel and battery storage while minimising the power received from the utility grid. A demand response scheme is employed to formulate the performance index of the energy management system using three optimal control models: adaptive open-loop control, adaptive closed-loop control and model predictive control schemes. The formulation of the performance index of each approach is a function of the energy flow from different resources depending on the power consumption. The three models have given different insights into the performance of the smart nanogrid, which may be used to the advantage of the grid owner or end user. Through the performance of the optimal strategies, it can be observed that energy management is ensured, and real-time monitoring of the entire system is guaranteed. The performance models facilitate the minimisation of the power from the utility, resulting in savings between 23.7% and 39.240% of the total energy demand from the end user. Besides, the system design is validated by an electrical system to form a real-world innovative nanogrid application in residential environments.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.111809
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