Perceived Risk, Trialability, Expectations and Electronic Banking Adoption Within the Accra Metropolis of Ghana

Abstract

This article investigates the impact of perceived risk (PR), trialability (T), performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE) and behavioral intentions (BI) on electronic banking (e-banking) adoption within the Accra Metropolis of Ghana, utilizing Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology One (UTAUT1) as a theoretical lens/framework. Employing a mixed-methods approach grounded in pragmatism via a cross-sectional design, primary data were collected from 285 participants via closed-ended questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, yielding 95% survey-response rate. Analyses via partial least square–structural equation modelling and multiple regression revealed that PR had the strongest significant negative impact on adoption, while T, PE, BI and EE positively and significantly influenced adoption in descending order. Findings highlight the need for secure, user-friendly, efficient/reliable/quality e-banking products/services tailored to diverse end-user needs. By incorporating PR, T and BI into the UTAUT1 model, the study extends the theory’s scope, making it rigorous/robust and generalizable to emerging economies. It provides theoretical, methodological and conceptual insights with implications for industrial players (banks) and policymakers.