Peer Review Report For: Prevalence of malaria and Schistosoma haematobium coinfection in sub Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]

Abstract

Background Malaria-schistosomiasis coinfection is common in Africa. Also, coinfection of these parasites can cause significant clinical signs and pathology compared to infection with a single parasite species. However, there is a shortage of pooled data on the prevalence of malaria and Schistosoma haematobium coinfection in Sub-Saharan Africa. Objective This review intended to determine the incidence of malaria and Schistosoma haematobium co-infection in Sub-Saharan Africa. Method Relevant studies were identified using a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, in accordance with review and meta-analysis criteria. This review’s initial searches began on August 30, 2024, and the protocol was registered on August 29, 2024. A total of twenty seven relevant articles on the prevalence of malaria and Schistosoma haematobium coinfection were identified for this review. STATA software version 17.0 was used to analyze the extracted data. The absence or presence of publication bias was assessed. Subgroup analysis was performed if the I 2 value was ≥50%, indicating considerable heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was conducted. Results This review includes a total of 27 papers. The pooled prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium coinfection with malaria was 13.36% (95% CI: 6.16–20.56). The pooled prevalence of malaria and Schistosoma haematobium coinfection varied significantly by country, diagnostic method, and year of publication. Sensitivity analysis indicated that no one study altered the overall prevalence of malaria and Schistosoma haematobium coinfection. Conclusions This comprehensive study highlights the prevalence of malaria and Schistosoma haematobium co-infection in Sub-Saharan Africa, underscoring significant challenges in managing these diseases. Effective management requires regular monitoring, identification, and reduction of co-infection incidence. Additionally, collaborative efforts at local, national, and global levels are essential to tackle the complex factors contributing to these infections. Health programs should be developed to prevent and manage both malaria and Schistosoma haematobium infections effectively.