Pattern of Reported Infections Among Paediatric Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: A Single-Centre Cohort Study in Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients have increased susceptibility to infections, particularly encapsulated bacterial pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b. Hyposplenism as well as immune defects in SCD result in increased risks for infections; these are the most frequent complications in individuals with SCD. This study was performed within the African Research and Innovative initiative for Sickle cell Education (ARISE, EC GA No 824021) project to develop best practices in the clinical management of SCD. In this retrospective study we aimed to determine the most prevalent reported infections among SCD patients’ records during clinic visits at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria. Methods: The medical records of 1961 paediatric SCD patients from 1998 to 2023 were extracted and reviewed from a pilot electronic registry using a structural query. The data analysed patterns of infections reported during clinic visits at the ABUTH, Zaria, Nigeria. Results: 458 subjects (23.4%) manifesting at least one infection, of whom 392 (19.9%) subjects had a single infection (bacterial or parasitic) and 173 (8.8%) had more than one infection (bacterial and parasitic). Conclusions: Bacterial and parasitic infections are a significant complication of SCD patients attending a tertiary institution in northern Nigeria.