Pattern and Clinical Characteristics of Cystic Kidney Disease Patients in a Tertiary Centre, South-West Nigeria: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background: Cystic kidney disease is a group of disorders that are characterized by the formation of cysts in the kidneys.It is a major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the pattern and clinical characteristics of patients with cystic kidney disease who presented at a tertiary hospital in South-West Nigeria. Methods and Materials: We reviewed the records of patients admitted with cystic kidney disease over an 8-year period at Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital. Data extracted included patients’ demographics, clinical presentations, and treatment outcomes. We compared the data between patients with ADPKD and other types of kidney cysts and summarised the treatment outcomes among the patients. Result: The prevalence of cystic kidney disease was 9.2% and the mean age of the patients was 52.87 years with a male predominance. The most common type of kidney cyst was simple renal cysts (53.2%), followed by ADPKD (40.4%). Incidental findings with no symptoms were the most common mode of presentation (61.7%), followed by abdominal pain (38.3%) and palpable abdominal swelling (36.2%). Nephrolithiasis was documented in 4.3% while the frequency of hypertension, haematuria and urinary tract infection was 55.3%, 14.9% and 8.5 %respectively. More than one in five ADPKD patients (21.1%) developed end-stage renal disease. Overall, the majority 41(87.2%) were managed conservatively. Conclusion: This study contributes valuable insights into the pattern and clinical features of cystic kidney disease in SouthWest Nigeria, further enriching the existing data on this condition within the region.