Partition Fractions of Dialium guineense Fruits and Leaves Inhibits AGEs and DPPH-radical formation: An In vitro - Computational Study

Abstract

Non-enzymatic reaction between proteins and reducing sugars (glycation) results in production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), leading to build up and cellular injuries via lipid peroxidation, endothelial dysfunction and protein structural alterations. Anti-glycation phytoconstituents seems promising for addressing human aging and emergence of many disorders. This study aimed to explore antioxidative and antiglycation effects of Dialium guineense (DG), a plant commonly known for its medicinal properties. Partition fractions from both fruits and leaves of this plant were utilized, focusing on their ability to inhibit Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs) formation and scavenge DPPH radicals, utilizing both in vitro experimental assays and in silico molecular docking techniques. Antioxidant activity revealed DPPH scavenging capacity of 94% for ethylacetate fruit fraction and 85% for ethylacetate leaf fraction. A similar trend was observed for antiglycation results. Ethylacetate fruit fraction showed significant efficacy (95%) against glycated bovine serum albumin (BSA) when compared to the control (aminoguanidine). The leaf chloroform fraction displayed a lower (73%) effectiveness overall. Both fractions inhibited AGE formation in BSA-Glucose model. Molecular docking analyses revealed strong binding affinities of -6.4 and - 6.1 kcal/mol, involving a non-polar interaction with Arg185 residue respectively; which is highly susceptible to glycation. Carbonic acid and Oxalic acid exhibited one polar contact each, involving two residues (Arg-208 and Arg-144). Hence, compounds in fruit ethylacetate fraction had higher binding affinity for BSA, which correlated with superior anti-oxidant and anti-glycation activity. These findings suggest that the bioactive compounds from D. guineense have therapeutic potential in combating various diseases.