article · Energies
Particle swarm optimisation offers a method to manage microgrids powered by hybrid renewable energy sources while maintaining required reserve margins. The approach coordinates battery energy storage systems, ensuring batteries charge during off-peak hours or using excess renewable power, and purchase grid power only when rates are low. It preserves reserve margins so critical loads remain powered even if the main grid and renewable generators become unavailable. Testing under varying weather conditions indicates that electricity sold to the main grid rises by 58 percent on clear days and by 153 percent on partially overcast days. Running hybrid microgrids at this level of efficiency delivers a strong return on investment for operators by cutting power costs and boosting export revenues.
Hybrid microgrids support resilient, low-emission power systems by balancing local generation, storage, and demand. However, fluctuating weather complicates their operation. Optimising how these systems trade power with the main grid and schedule battery storage protects critical energy supplies during outages while significantly lowering operational costs for local energy networks.
This optimisation method is targeted at microgrid operators and energy management software providers seeking to maximise revenue from power exports and minimise grid import costs. Evaluated across clear and partially overcast operational scenarios, the control algorithm appears to be at an applied, validated stage of development, ready for integration into microgrid supervisory control and data acquisition systems.
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Microgrids can assist in managing power supply and demand, increase grid resilience to adverse weather, increase the deployment of zero-emission energy sources, utilise waste heat, and reduce energy wasted through transmission lines. To ensure that the full benefits of microgrid use are realised, hybrid renewable energy-based microgrids must operate at peak efficiency. To offer an optimal solution for managing microgrids with hybrid renewable energy sources (HRESs) while taking microgrid reserve margins into account, the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) method is suggested. The suggested approach demonstrated good performance in terms of charging and discharging BESS and maintaining the necessary reserve margins to supply critical loads if the grid and renewable energy sources are unavailable. On a clear day, the amount of electricity sold to the grid increased by 58%, while on a partially overcast day, it increased by 153%. Microgrids provide a good return on investment for their operators when they are run at peak efficiency. This is because the BESS is largely charged during off-peak hours or with excess renewable energy, and power is only purchased during less expensive off-peak hours.
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DOI: 10.3390/en17020422
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