Parquetina nigrescens in the Management of Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome: Therapeutic Potential, Mechanistic Insights, and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PEMOS), traditionally known as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), is one of the most prevalent endocrine-metabolic disorders affecting women of reproductive age and a leading cause of anovulatory infertility worldwide. The syndrome is characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, polycystic ovarian morphology, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, chronic low-grade inflammation, menstrual irregularities, and metabolic disturbances that collectively impair reproductive and overall health. Although current management strategies—including lifestyle modification, metformin, letrozole, clomiphene citrate, gonadotrophins, and assisted reproductive technologies—have improved clinical outcomes, their use is often limited by adverse effects, treatment resistance, high costs, restricted accessibility, and the need for specialized monitoring. These challenges are particularly evident in low- and middle-income countries, where traditional medicinal plants continue to play an important role in reproductive healthcare. Parquetina nigrescens, a medicinal plant widely used in West African ethnomedicine, has attracted increasing scientific attention because of its diverse pharmacological properties. Experimental studies have demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, haematinic, and reproductive-modulating activities that may target key pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PEMOS. Emerging evidence suggests that the plant may improve ovarian function, attenuate oxidative stress, modulate endocrine disturbances, enhance insulin sensitivity, and support reproductive health. This review critically evaluates current evidence on the potential role of Parquetina nigrescens in the management of PEMOS. Particular emphasis is placed on its phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities, proposed mechanisms of action, reproductive effects, safety considerations, and translational potential. By synthesizing available evidence, this review highlights P. nigrescens as a promising, accessible, and affordable candidate for further investigation as a complementary therapeutic approach to PEMOS management.