article · Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture
Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a plant growth regulator from the triazole family that influences plant development by altering hormonal balance. It inhibits gibberellin synthesis while increasing cytokinin and abscisic acid levels, leading to reduced stem elongation. PBZ is more effective when applied to growing media, allowing for better absorption. Its applications include reducing plant height to prevent lodging, increasing fruit yield and quality by improving carbohydrate content, and decreasing acidity. PBZ also enhances plant resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses, such as drought, by improving water retention. Furthermore, it functions as a systemic fungicide against various fungal diseases. This review explores current knowledge and potential uses of PBZ to improve crop growth, yield, and quality, and its role in mitigating environmental stress effects.
Understanding how plant growth regulators like Paclobutrazol (PBZ) work is crucial for optimising agricultural practices. PBZ offers a way to enhance crop productivity, improve fruit quality, and build plant resilience against challenging environmental conditions and diseases. This contributes to more sustainable and efficient food production.
This research reviews the established and potential applications of Paclobutrazol (PBZ) in agriculture. It highlights its use for improving crop yield and quality, reducing plant height, and enhancing stress resistance, as well as its fungicidal properties. This information is directly relevant for agricultural chemical companies developing or optimising plant growth regulators and fungicides, and for farmers seeking solutions to improve crop management. The abstract describes existing applications and potential uses, suggesting an applied and near-market readiness level for many of its functions.
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Abstract Plant growth regulators are chemical substances which govern all the factors of development and growth within plants. The application of plant growth regulators to crops modifies hormonal balance and growth leading to increased yield, enhanced crop tolerance against abiotic stress and improved physiological trait of crops. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) [(2RS, 3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)- 4, 4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1, 2, 4-trizol-1-yl)-pentan-3-ol], is one of the members of triazole family having growth regulating property. The growth regulating properties of PBZ are mediated by changes in the levels of important plant hormones including the gibberellins (GAs), abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinins (CK). PBZ affects the isoprenoid pathway, and alters the levels of plant hormones by inhibiting gibberellin synthesis and increasing cytokinins level and consequent reduction in stem elongation. When gibberellins synthesis is inhibited, more precursors in the terpenoid pathway accumulate and that resulted in the production of abscisic acid. PBZ is more effective when applied to the growing media and application on the growing medium would give longer absorption time and more absorption of active ingredient than foliar spray. The application of PBZ to crops is important in reducing plant height to prevent lodging and in increasing number and weight of fruits per tree, in improving the fruit quality in terms of increases in carbohydrates, TSS, TSS/TA and decreases acidity. It further reduces evapo-transpiration and decreases plant moisture stress by enhancing the relative water content of leaf area and develops resistance in the plants against biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, it acts as highly active systemic fungicide and used against several economically important fungal diseases. In this review, the current knowledge and possible applications of PBZ, which can be used to improve the growth, yield and quality of crops, have been reviewed and discussed. The role of PBZ to mitigate the harmful effects of environmental stresses in crops is also examined. Moreover, various biochemical and physiological processes leading to improved crop production under the effect of PBZ are discoursed in detail.
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DOI: 10.1186/s40538-020-00199-z
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