Ovothiol-A Attenuates Hyperthyroidism Complications in the Heart and Kidney in Rats "Therapeutic and Preventive Insights"

Abstract

Introduction:: Excess thyroid hormone affects many different organ systems. About 0.2-1.3% of people globally suffer from hyperthyroidism, making it a common ailment. The purpose of this study is to assess how Ovothiol-A can treat and prevent cardiac and renal dysfunction in a rat model of thyroxine-induced hyperthyroidism. Methods:: Rats are given 600 mg/kg of thyroxine hormone orally to create a model of hyperthyroidism. Thirty-six male rats were split into the following two main groups: therapeutic and protective. Three subgroups (6 per group) were created from each group: the control group, the hyperthyroidism group, and the Ovothiol-A (250 mg/kg) group. The experimental period was 21 days. Results:: The electrocardiogram revealed an improvement in the ST segment and heart rhythm after giving Ovothiol-A. Triiodothyronine, thyroxine, urea, creatinine, uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, fasting blood glucose, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, and TNF-α were significantly decreased after taking ovothiol-A, while thyroid-stimulating hormone, lipid profile, total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glutathione-S-transferase, reduced glutathione, and catalase increased. Histopathological examination showed significant improvement in the renal and cardiac tissues, significantly reducing collagen precipitation and tissue fibrosis. Discussion:: Ovothiol-A effectively diminished biochemical changes, oxidative stress, and histopathological changes. Conclusion:: Ovothiol-A exerted notable therapeutic and protective effects in hyperthyroid rats by reinforcing the antioxidant defense system, reestablishing redox homeostasis, and improving both renal and cardiac functions. Additionally, it diminished inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and reduced fibrotic alterations in several organs, helping to maintain tissue structure and functional integrity.